Wednesday, 11 February 2026
Distinction among Pensioners पेंशनभोगियों के बीच अंतर by Finance Bill, 2025 and 8th CPC: Clarification by Govt. | StaffNews
Distinction among Pensioners पेंशनभोगियों के बीच अंतर by Finance Bill, 2025 and 8th CPC: Clarification by Govt. | StaffNews: Distinction among Pensioners by Finance Bill, 2025 and 8th CPC वित्त विधेयक, 2025 एवं 8वें केंद्रीय वेतन आयोग द्वारा पेंशनभोगियों के बीच अंतर: Clarification
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(contd) Sharma, Ram Karan (2025-12-18) Humanity Before Gods: From Our Origins to Our Future in the Universe . Kindle Edition. Life was no longer easy.
It was a struggle written into every breath. Animals had to adapt or die.
Plants shrank or vanished.
Rivers froze.
Lands turned barren.
Winds howled across empty plains. But while many species fell, some learned how to survive.
Among the survivors were the early ancestors of humans. Imagine a world where the cold could kill within hours,
where food was rare,
where shelter was precious,
where every journey was a gamble between life and death.
This was the training ground of humanity. In this harsh environment, the early human ancestors did something extraordinary—they began to think differently. They learned to cover their bodies with the skins of animals.
They learned to build shelters from bones, wood, and snow.
They learned to follow migrating herds, to plan ahead, to understand patterns in nature. Fire became their greatest friend.
It warmed their homes, cooked their food, and protected them from predators.
Fire did more than keep them alive—it reshaped their bodies and minds.
Cooked food was easier to chew and digest, giving their brains more energy to grow. Inside caves, during long winters, humans gathered around firelight.
Here, ideas were shared, stories were born, fears were soothed, and memories were passed down.
The Ice Age did not only build bodies—it built communities. The cold demanded cooperation.
A lone human could not survive the freezing nights.
But a group could.
Together they hunted, built shelters, raised children, and defended territory. The Ice Age taught humans something no animal before them had truly mastered:
the power of unity. This age shaped the human brain too.
Our minds became sharper, quicker, more creative.
We invented new tools—stone blades, spears, axes, scrapers.
We learned to track animals through snow, to recognize footprints, to sense danger before it came. Every challenge pushed us to evolve. The Ice Age also changed the world’s geography.
When massive glaciers locked up the oceans’ water, sea levels dropped dramatically.
Land bridges emerged—most famously the one between Asia and North America.
This allowed humans to spread across continents, exploring lands that had never known their footsteps. By the end of the Ice Age, early humans had reached almost every corner of the Earth. Then, around 11,700 years ago, the world warmed again.
The glaciers melted.
Rivers swelled.
Forests returned.
Animals repopulated the plains.
The Earth softened, becoming warm, fertile, and green. The Ice Age had ended—
and humanity stood at the beginning of a new world,
stronger, wiser, and ready for its next step. This step would change everything. No longer forced to follow herds across endless frozen lands, humans found a new idea growing in their minds—
an idea that would reshape civilization forever. The idea of staying in one place.
Of settling.
Of planting. The idea of agriculture.But before we reach that, we must first meet the earliest humans who walked through this frozen world…
the beings who stood on two legs, thought like no creature before them, and carried within them the spark of what we would one day become. The Ice Ages did not destroy us.
They created us. They forged the intelligence, resilience, and unity that would define humanity forever. The next chapter begins with the first true humans…
and the long journey from survival to civilization.
The story of humanity does not begin with humans.
It begins much earlier, in a world where forests stretched endlessly across Africa, where ancient rivers carved slow paths through the land, and where the air carried the calls of animals long vanished. In this vast landscape, millions of years before the first human ever opened its eyes, a different kind of creature took its first uncertain steps.
They were neither ape nor human—
but something beautifully in between. These were the first hominins, the earliest members of our family. Around seven million years ago, long after the dinosaurs had disappeared and long before the first stone tool was shaped, Africa was home to a small, upright-walking species called Sahelanthropus tchadensis. It had a face flatter than an ape’s, and its skull sat a little more forward on the spine, suggesting that it sometimes stood upright. It moved through ancient woodlands quietly, unaware that it carried within it the seed of a future species that would one day travel to the moon.
It did not hunt with weapons.
It did not build fires.
It did not speak.
Yet it marked the beginning of something extraordinary. For millions of years after this, other early hominins appeared—each one a small step closer to what we eventually became. Among them was Orrorin tugenensis around six million years ago, found in what is now Kenya. It was likely one of the first creatures to walk on two legs with some confidence. Two legs may not seem like much, but this simple change freed the hands, widened the view of the world, and slowly shaped a new way of living. Then, around 4.4 million years ago, another remarkable species moved through the forests of Ethiopia—Ardipithecus ramidus, known simply as “Ardi.” Ardi was small, light, and graceful. She walked upright on the ground but could also climb trees with ease. Her world was a mosaic of woodlands and open spaces, a blend of safety and danger. Ardi’s hands were still long like an ape’s, but her pelvis was shaped for upright walking. Her feet had a grasping big toe, helping her climb branches when predators came too close. She ate fruits, roots, nuts, and whatever she could find. Life was simple, yet full of challenges—survival, food, shelter, safety. But in every step, every climb, every new generation, evolution was working quietly. These early hominins did not know it, but they were walking slowly toward a new kind of being—
one that would dream, imagine, build, explore, love, and question its own existence. The world they lived in was dangerous. Leopards, giant birds, and other predators hunted them. The climate changed often, forcing them to adapt. Forests would shrink, grasslands would expand, water sources would shift. Every challenge pushed their bodies, minds, and behaviours in new directions. Walking on two legs gave them an advantage. They could see farther over tall grasses. They could travel more efficiently. They could carry food, tools, and their young. It was a small change with enormous consequences. These species were not humans, but they were the first sparks of what humanity would one day become. They lived slow lives.
They lived close to the earth.
They lived in small groups, protecting one another from predators.
They did not know weapons or fire or language.
But they had something precious—
a growing awareness of the world around them. The early hominins were the beginning of our journey.
They were the first footsteps on a path that would stretch across millions of years, across continents, across oceans, and eventually into the modern human mind. From their struggles came our strength.
From their adaptations came our abilities.
From their survival came our existence. The story of humanity begins not with cities or civilizations, but with these small, ancient creatures walking upright under the African sun—
creatures who carried the earliest blueprint of what we would one day become. And their journey would soon give rise to one of the most iconic early ancestors in our family’s history—
a being whose skeleton would rewrite the story of evolution.
Long before the first human shaped a tool or lit a fire, a small, graceful creature took a step that changed the course of evolution forever. It was not a giant leap, not a moment of lightning or glory—just a quiet step on the warm soil of East Africa. Yet that simple step, taken by a being called Australopithecus, would one day lead to everything we know as human. Around four million years ago, the African landscape was a mix of forests, open grasslands, rivers, and shifting climates. The world was changing, and survival demanded new ideas. Out of this changing world emerged a species that walked differently from anything before it. Its feet touched the ground not as a runner or a climber alone, but as something entirely new—
a walker.
https://www.timesnownews.com/india/caste-census-tool-for-inclusion-or-divisive-tactic-former-cji-uu-lalit-joins-the-big-debate-article-116879914 Even Muslims discriminated among themselves on the basis of castes which was introduced by Hindus then present from Afghanistan to Cambodia to Indonesia. They could not avoid hate toward Idol worshippers, even after converting 50% of them during long centuries. They will not give minority rights even to the extent present in India in 53 Muslim countries. But mentors of In-Service and retirees of financial sector and Indi- alliance are virulent Anti-Modi saying Muslims are living in fear for the past eleven years resulting GOI has no sympathy for retirees as the latter didn't question their political and TU leaders for telling lies though not getting pension upgradation while supporting UPA regimes of corruption for a decade.
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