Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB) for the financial year 2025-26 – Circulation of fake/fabricated letter: Clarification by Railway Board
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Friday, 9 October 2026
Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB) for the financial year 2025-26 – Circulation of fake/fabricated letter: Clarification by Railway Board
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqiI77yOTYk
Every Blue-Eyed Person on Earth Descended From ONE Person — DNA Finally Found Them Jul 21, 2026 Ancient DNA Files
Every Blue-Eyed Person on Earth Descended From ONE Person — DNA Finally Found Them
Every single person alive today who has blue eyes carries an identical genetic mutation. Not similar. Not related. Identical. The exact same single change, in the exact same position, in the exact same gene, present in every blue-eyed human being who has ever lived. In 2008, Professor Hans Eiberg and his team at the University of Copenhagen published a study in the journal Human Genetics that proved something so counterintuitive it has never stopped circulating in the scientific community in the seventeen years since. Every blue-eyed person on earth descends from a single individual. One person. One mutation. One moment somewhere between six thousand and ten thousand years ago, near the Black Sea, when a genetic switch in one human body flipped from its original position and produced, for the first time in the history of our species, the blue iris that between three hundred and four hundred million people now carry. Before that moment there were no blue eyes anywhere on earth. There had never been. Every human who lived before that one individual had brown eyes. And every human alive today who carries blue eyes — regardless of where they live, what language they speak, or how many thousands of miles their ancestors traveled — is a direct genetic descendant of that single prehistoric person whose name we will never know and whose bones have almost certainly dissolved into soil that has since been forgotten. The mutation Eiberg's team identified sits not in the OCA2 gene itself, which controls melanin production in the iris, but in the adjacent HERC2 gene, in a regulatory element that functions as a control dial for OCA2 expression. In the original state this dial allows OCA2 to produce sufficient melanin for brown eyes. In the mutated state the dial is turned down so dramatically that the iris develops with almost no melanin at all — and the blue that appears is not actually a pigment but an optical phenomenon, the same physics that makes the sky appear blue, occurring in the absence of any actual color in the iris tissue. One base-pair change. One switch. One ancestor. And the story gets stranger still. Ancient DNA from a 7,000-year-old hunter-gatherer recovered in northern Spain — the La Braña individual — showed that the original blue-eyed Europeans had dark skin. The combination of dark skin and blue eyes that would seem impossible to modern eyes was the original form. The fair skin associated with blue-eyed Europeans today came later, from a different genetic adaptation entirely. This video breaks down the full science — what the HERC2 mutation actually does at the molecular level, why the mutation survived and spread across hundreds of millions of descendants, what ancient DNA reveals about where and when blue eyes first appeared in Europe, and what it means that every blue-eyed person you have ever seen is carrying the identical genetic legacy of one unknown individual from ten thousand years ago.
This video is based entirely on peer-reviewed research. The primary source is the 2008 study by Hans Eiberg, Jesper Troelsen, Mette Nielsen, Annemette Mikkelsen, Jonas Mengel-From, Klaus Kjaer, and Lars Hansen, Blue eye color in humans may be caused by a perfectly associated founder mutation in a regulatory element located within the HERC2 gene inhibiting OCA2 expression, published in Human Genetics, volume 123, pages 177 to 187, available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-007-04.... The 2014 study by Iñigo Olalde and colleagues, Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European, published in Nature, volume 507, pages 225 to 228, available at https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12960. The 2009 study by Richard Sturm and Mats Larsson, Genetics of human iris colour and patterns, published in Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research, volume 22, pages 544 to 562, available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-148X.2.... And the Reich Lab at Harvard Medical School ancient European population genetics publications, available at https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/publica.... All content is based on published scientific studies Comment @stefanjohansson4828 1 month ago The blue eyes started in a population in the Volga river area. Part of them later moved to the area of today's North East Sweden, south west Finland and Estonia. Approx 6.000 years ago they developed into the Yamnaya people. Later parts of them now called west Yamnaya with gene R1b moved to North west Europe. They are also called Arian's. They can have blue eyes. Another group moved east, called east Yamnaya, with gene R1a, also called Schytian's. They can have blue, yellow and green eyes.
The Yamnaya people learned to domesticate horses. They also kept animals for milk and meet. The east Yamnaya travelled all the way to the Torgana valley, bordering China.
Later from there they spread south, all the way to India and west all the way back to Europe.
The east Yamnaya people established the Silk Road about 1.000 years before the Chinese started trading outside China.
Alexander the Great was of Yamnaya family, with father of west Yamnaya and mother of east Yamnaya.
Yamnaya people can drink milk and alcohol. The Mongols can too = they have also Yamnaya genes. There are Koreans and Chinese people who can drink alcohol and they for sure have connections to the Mongols.
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